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《誰丟了美國:英國統治者、美國革命與帝國的命運(出書版》是作者安德魯·傑克遜·奧肖內西/譯者:林達豐所著的一本HE、機甲、宅男型別的小說,故事很有深意,值得一看。《誰丟了美國:英國統治者、美國革命與帝國的命運(出書版》精彩節選:20 .Steuart,The Last Journals of Horace Walpole ,2:137;F.D.Cartwright,Major Cart...

誰丟了美國:英國統治者、美國革命與帝國的命運(出書版

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20 .Steuart,The Last Journals of Horace Walpole ,2:137;F.D.Cartwright,Major Cartwright ,1:75,quoted in Jerome Reich,British Friends of the American Revolution (Armonk,N.Y.:M.E.Sharpe,1998),p.18;The Annual Register ,in Murdoch,Rebellion in America ,p.321;Gruber,“George Ⅲ Chooses a Commander in Chief,”pp.172,182;Mary Kinnear,“Pro-Americans in the British House of Commons in the 1770s”(Ph.D.diss.,University of Oregon,1973),p.133;Gruber,“George Ⅲ Chooses a Commander in Chief,”pp.169,173-74;Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke,eds.,The House of Commons 1754-1790,3 vols.(London:H.M.Stationery Office,1964),3:149;Stephen Conway,“British Army Officers and the American War for Independence,”William and Mary Quarterly ,3d ser.,41,no.2(April 1984):265-76;Ira D.Gruber,“For King and Country:The Limits of Loyalty of British Officers in the War for American Independence,”in Limits of Loyalty ,ed.Edgar Denton(Waterloo,Ont.:Wilfred Laurier University,1980),pp.30-31,33.

21 .The Annual Register ,in Murdoch ,Rebellion in America ,p.321.

22 .William Howe to Samuel Kirk,February 21,1775,Partridge,Sir Billy Howe ,p.7;Simmons and Thomas,Proceedings and Debates of the British Parliaments Respecting North America ,November 20,1775,February 20,1776,6:282,396.

23 .Germain to General Irwin,July 26,1775,September 13,1775,Historical Manuscripts Commission,Stopford-Sackville Manuscripts ,2:136,137;Ira D.Gruber,“Lord Howe and Lord George Germain:British Politics and the Winning of American Independence,”William and Mary Quarterly ,3d ser.,22,no.2(April 1965):231.

24 .Troyer Steele Anderson,The Command of the Howe Brothers During the American Revolution (1936;repr.Cranbury,N.J.:The Scholar's Bookshelf,2005),p.58.

25 .David Hackett Fischer,Washington's Crossing (Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004),p.31;David McCullough,1776(New York:Simon and Schuster,2005),p.134;Rebels and Redcoats ,ed.George F.Scheer and Hugh F.Rankin(New York:Da Capo Press,1957),p.146;North Callahan,“Henry Knox:American Artillerist,”in Billias,George Washington's Generals and Opponents ,1:243.

26 .The Journal of Ambrose Serle ,ed.Edward H.Tatum,Jr.(San Marino,Calif.:Huntington Library,1940),62.

27 .David Syrett,Shipping and the American War 1775-83: A Study of British Transport Organisation (London:Athlone Press,1970),p.185.

28 .John A.Tilley,The British Navy and the American Revolution (Columbia:University of South Carolina Press,1987),pp.xvi,122;Urban,Fusiliers ,p.81.

29 .Urban,Fusiliers ,p.107;Spring,With Zeal and Bayonets Only ,pp.144,149;Stephen Conway,“The British Army,‘Military Europe,’ and the American War of Independence,”William and Mary Quarterly ,3d ser.,67,no.1(January 2010):77.

30 .McCullough,1776,p.118;Germain to [Lord Suffolk],[June 16 or 17,1775],Historical Manuscripts Commission,Stopford-Sackville Manuscripts ,2:3.

31 .Anderson,The Command of the Howe Brothers ,p.130.

32 .Gruber,The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution ,p.115;Hugh,Lord Percy,to the duke of Northumberland,September 1,1776,and to Lord George Germain,September 2,1776,Letters of Hugh ,Earl Percy ,from Boston and New York ,1774-1776,ed.Hugh Percy and Charles K.Bolton(Boston:Charles E.Goodspeed,1902),pp.69,71.

33 .Bruce Bliven Jr.,Battle for Manhattan (Baltimore:Penguin,1964),pp.27,29,35-37,40;Ruma Chopra ,Unnatural Rebellion :Loyalists in New York City During the Revolution (Charlottesville :University of Virginia Press ,2011),p .46;Tatum ,The American Journal of Ambrose Serle ,p.104.

34 .Howe to Germain,September 25,1776,Historical Manuscripts Commission,Stopford-Sackville Manuscripts ,2:41.

35 .Washington to Samuel Washington,December 18,1776,Abbot et al.,The Papers of George Washington :Revolutionary War Series ,7:369-71;Nicholas Tracy,Navies ,Deterrence ,and American Independence :Britain and Seapower in the 1760s and 1770s (Vancouver:University of British Columbia Press,1988),p.139.

36 .Stead,“Contemporary Responses in Print to the Howe Brothers,”in Flavell and Conway,Britain and America Go to War ,p.131-32.另見弗朗西斯•霍普金森對豪的諷詩,Bruce Ingham Granger,Political Satire in the American Revolution 1763-1783(Ithaca,N.Y.:Cornell University Press,1960),p.172。

37 .Maldwyn A.Jones,“Sir William Howe:Conventional Strategist,”in Billias,George Washington's Generals and Opponents . 2:66;Partridge,Sir Billy Howe ,p.102;Anderson,The Command of the Howe Brothers ,pp.15,135,141,145;Gruber,The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution ,p.126;Gruber,“Lord Howe and Lord George Germain,”p.236;Johann von Ewald,Diary of the American War :A Hessian Journal ,trans.and ed.Joseph Tustin(New Haven,Conn.:Yale University Press,1979),pp.18,19,25.

38 .Stedman,“A Reply to the Observations of Lt.Gen.Sir William Howe,”pp.146-48,in Partridge,Sir Billy Howe ,p.49;Howe to Germain,July 7,1776,CO 5/93,PRO;Stedman,The History of the Origin ,Progress ,and Termination of the American War ,1:199.

39 .“The Justifying Memorial of the King of Great Britain,in Answer to the Exposition,&c of the Court of France,”The Annual Register ,in Murdoch,Rebellion in America ,p.741;“The Humble Address of the House of Commons to the King,November 20,1778,”ibid.,pp.629,697;Morning Chronicle ,November 10,1775,and London Chronicle ,November 11,1775,in Our American Brethren :A History of Letters in the British Press During the American Revolution ,1775-1781,ed.Alfred Grant(Jefferson,N.C.:McFarland,1995),p.170.See also ibid.,pp.86,164,171,172,174.

40 .Gruber,The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution ,pp.90,94-95;McCullough,1776,pp.144-45,147.

41 .Anderson,The Command of the Howe Brothers ,pp.159-60;Gruber,The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution ,p.116-19;Tatum,Journal of Ambrose Serle ,p.101.

42 .Reich,British Friends of America ,p.141;The Annual Register ,in Murdoch,Rebellion in America ,pp.441-42;William Cobbett and Thomas Hansard,eds.,The Parliamentary History of England from the Earliest Periodto 1803,36 vols.(London:Hansard,1806-22),17:cols.1431-33,1436-39;Gruber,The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution ,pp.124-26;The Annual Register ,in Murdoch,Rebellion in America ,p.342.

43 .Howe to Germain,April 26.1776,Historical Manuscripts Commission,Stopford-Sackville Manuscripts ,2:30.

44 .The Narrative of Lieut.Gen.Sir William Howe in a Committee of the House of Commons ,on the 29th of April ,1779,Relative to His Conduct During His Late Command of the King's Troops in North America :To Which Are Added ,Some Observations Upon A Pamphlet ,Entitled ,Letters to A Nobleman (London:Baldwin,1780),p.5;Christopher Duffy,The Military Experience in the Age of Reason (London:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1987),p.11;The Narrative of Lieut.Gen.Sir William Howe ,pp.5-7.

45 .Bliven,Battle for Manhattan ,pp.71-109;Partridge,Sir Billy Howe ,pp.79-80;McCullough,1776,pp.218-19;Mark Mayo Boatner Ⅲ,Encyclopedia of the American Revolution (New York:David McKay,1966),pp.488-91.

46 .Examination of Lieutenant GeneralThe Earl Cornwallis Before A Committee of the House of Commons ,Upon Sir William Howe's Papers (London:J.Robson,1779),p.14;Partridge,Sir Billy Howe ,p.118;McCullough,1776,p.269.

47 .Fischer,Washington's Crossing ,pp.196-97,201,205;Rodney Atwood,The Hessians :Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in the American Revolution (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1980),pp.87,88;John S.Pancake,1777:The Year of the Hangman (Tuscaloosa:University of Alabama Press,1977),p.53;Stedman,The History of the Origin ,Progress ,and Termination of the American War ,1:234.

48 .W.J.Wood,Battles of the Revolutionary War 1775-1781(New York:Da Capo Press,1990),pp.77,88,89.

49 .The Narrative of Lieut.Gen.Sir William Howe ,pp.7-9;John Shy,A People Numerous and Armed :Reflections on the Military Struggle for American Independence ,(Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,2000),p.225,指出宣誓的人數為3000人;Gruber,“Lord Howe and Lord George Germain,”p.237,提供的數字為5000;Tatum,The Journal of Ambrose Serle ,p.157;Fischer,Washington's Crossing ,p.360;Nelson,General James Grant ,p.119;The Narrative of Lieut.Gen.Sir William Howe ,p.6;Atwood,The Hessians ,p.87.

50 .Partridge,Sir Billy Howe ,p.81;The Narrative of Lieut.Gen.Sir William Howe ,p.6;Sir James Murray to Elizabeth Murray,February 25,1777,in Letters from America 1773-1780:Being the Letters of a Scots Officer ,Sir James Murray ,to His Home During the War of American Independence ,ed.Eric Robson(Manchester:Manchester University Press,1951),pp.37-42;Fischer,Washington's Crossing ,pp.359,366.

51 .Mackesy,The War for America ,p.102;Edward E.Curtis,The Organization of the British Army in the American Revolution (New Haven,Conn.:Yale University Press,1926),pp.101-2,143;Gruber,The Howe Brothers ,p.135;R.Arthur Bowler,Logistics and the Failure of the British Army in America 1775-1783(Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1975),pp.64-65,71.

52 .Syrett,Admiral Lord Howe ,p.63;Reflections on a Pamphlet intitled “a Letter to the Right Honble Lord Vict.H-E ” By Admiral Lord Howe ,ed.Gerald Saxon Brown(Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1959),p.25;Gruber,The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution ,pp.102-3,136,139,140-41,157.

53 .Anderson,The Command of the Howe Brothers During the American Revolution ,p.46;Vincent Morley,Irish Opinion and the American Revolution ,1760-1783(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002),pp.24,87;R.B.McDowell,Ireland in the Age of Imperialism and Revolution 1760-1801(Oxford:Clarendon Press,1979),pp.22,59,128,263;Stephen Conway,“‘Like the Irish’? Volunteer Corps and Volunteering in Britain during the American War,”in Flavell and Conway,Britain and America Go to War ,p.160.

54 .Richard B.Sheridan,“The Jamaican Slave Insurrection Scare of 1776 and the American Revolution,”Journal of Negro History 61,no.3(1976):290-308;Journal of the Assembly of Jamaica,December 17,1776,CO.140/56,PRO;Stedman,The History of the Origin ,Progress ,and Termination of the American War ,1:259.

55 .Partridge,Sir Billy Howe ,p.6;Percy to General Harvey(?),July 28,1775,Percy and Bolton,Letters of Hugh ,Earl Percy ,p.58;The Annual Register ,Murdoch,Rebellion in America ,pp.342,350;Mackesy,The War for America ,p.38.

56 .Howe to Germain,November 30,1776,CO 5/93,PRO;The Narrative of Lieut.Gen.Sir William Howe ,pp.9-10.

57 .Beyond Philadelphia :The American Revolution in the Pennsylvania Hinterland ,ed.John B.Frantz and William Pencak(University Park,Pa.:Pennsylvania State University Press,1998),pp.xvii-xix,197;Thomas Paine,The American Crisis ,introd.Andrew S.Trees(New York:Barnes & Noble,2010),p.81;Howe to Germain,December 20,1776,CO 5/94,PRO;The Narrative of Lieut.Gen.Sir William Howe ,p.19.

58 .Fischer,Washington's Crossing ,p.366;The Narrative of Lieut.Gen.Sir William Howe ,p.14;Gruber,“Lord Howe and Lord George Germain,”pp.238-41;The Narrative of Lieut.Gen.Sir William Howe ,p.14;Stead,“Contemporary Responses in Print to the Howe Brothers,”in Flavell and Conway,Britain and America Go to War ,p.124.

59 .The Narrative of Lieut.Gen.Sir William Howe ,pp.12,13-14.

60 .Howe to Germain,April 2,1777,July 7,1777,CO 5/94,PRO.

61 .Vivian,“A Defence of Sir William Howe,”pp.77-83.

62 .Gerald S.Brown,The American Secretary :The Colonial Policy of Lord George Germain ,1775-1778(Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1963),p.125.關於威廉•豪部隊的數字說法不一,約在13 000-16 000人之間:Stephen R.Taaffe,The Philadelphia Campaign ,1777-1778(Lawrence:University of Kansas Press,2003),p.50;Atwood,The Hessians ,p.117;John W.Jackson,With the British Army in Philadelphia 1777-1778(San Rafael,Calif.:Presidio Press,1979),p.280;Paul E.Kopperman,“The British High Command and Soldiers' Wives in America,1755-1783,”Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 60,no.241(Spring 1982):14-35.

63 .Stead,“Contemporary Responses in Print to the Howe Brothers,”in Flavell and Conway,Britain and America Go to War ,p.126;Ira Gruber,“British Strategy:The Theory and Practice of Eighteenth Century Warfare,”in Reconsiderations on the Revolutionary War :Selected Essays ,ed.Don Higginbotham(Westport,Conn.:Greenwood Press,1978),p.26;W.H.Moomaw,“The Denouement of General Howe's Campaign of 1777,”English Historical Review 79,no.312(July 1964):500,502,503-04,506,508,511;Howe to Germain,August 30,1777,CO 5/94,PRO.

64 .Ewald,Diary of the American War ,pp.80,87;Peckham,The War for Independence ,p.70;W.J.Wood,Battles of the Revolutionary War 1775-1781,2d ed.(New York:Da Capo Press,2003),pp.92-114;Callahan,“Henry Knox:American Artillerist,”in Billias,George Washington's Generals and Opponents ,1:250.

65 .Ewald,Diary of the American War ,pp.91-92;Jackson,With the British Army in Philadelphia ,pp.16-17,25.

66 .The Narrative of Lieut.Gen.Sir William Howe ,p.27;Partridge,Sir Billy Howe ,p.186;Ewald,Diary of the American War ,pp.92,96;Walter Harold Wilkin,Some British Soldiers in America (1914;repr.Milton Keynes:General Books,2010),p.12;Partridge,Sir Billy Howe ,p.189.

67 .Jackson,With the British Army in Philadelphia ,pp.x,10,53,81,103,201-2,212,216-17;Granger,Political Satire in the American Revolution ,p.262;John Peebles' American War :The Diary of a Scottish Grenadier ,1776-1782,ed.Ira Gruber(Mechanicsburg,Pa.:Stackpole Books,1998),pp.161,169,177;Ewald,Diary of the American War ,p.120.

68 .Jackson,With the British Army in Philadelphia ,pp.53,120,177,188.

69 .Howe to Germain,November 30,1777,Historical Manuscripts Commission,Stopford-Sackville Manuscripts ,2:81;Troy Bickham,Making Headlines :The American Revolution as Seen through the British Press (DeKalb:Northern Illinois University Press,2009),p.106.

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誰丟了美國:英國統治者、美國革命與帝國的命運(出書版

誰丟了美國:英國統治者、美國革命與帝國的命運(出書版

作者:安德魯·傑克遜·奧肖內西/譯者:林達豐
型別:無限流
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時間:2016-12-12 16:22

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